MIGRANT WORKERS
IN ERNAKULAM DISTRICT
There
are roughly two lakh migrant workers from other States in Ernakulam district,
according to a study conducted recently.The two-year-long study, commissioned
by the Kerala Labour Movement, found that a huge majority of the migrant
workers were not registered with the Labour Department and hence were not
eligible for the State government’s worker benefits. While their daily wages were
far better than in many other States, the migrant workers lived in pretty bad
conditions.The study on ‘Unorganised labourers in Ernakulam district’ was
carried out by Martin Patric, a former Economics professor, and his team of
researchers. It aimed to study the extent and nature of unorganised labourers
in both the formal and informal sectors of the district’s economy.
Migration
to Ernakulam district started in the 1980s, and in those days the workers were
mostly from Tamil Nadu and neighbouring States. But, the second wave of
migration that began in the late 1990s, thousands of workers started arriving
from Odisha, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar, Chattisgarh, Assam and even from
Manipur. Initially they were employed in major projects of the Railways and the
port. But lately, they are seen across the labour market. Thousands were
employed as farm hands, masons, carpenters, and domestic and construction
workers. Aside from Kochi, migrant workers’ major centres were Perumbavoor,
Muvattpuzha, Kalady and Kodanad.Interestingly, there is skill specialisation
among migrant workers depending on the regions they come from. For example,
road workers were mainly from Panchmahals, quarry workers from Bharauch and
rice mill workers from Jalan. In some sectors, such as construction and brick
kilns, migration of entire families has been a norm.The study found that
employers in Ernakulam preferred migrant workers because of their willingness
to work long hours and take up taxing physical work. As a result, they faced
hostility of local workers. Death and accidents are frequent among migrant
workers as they are often engaged in hazardous occupations without necessary
safety precautions.The working and living conditions of the migrant labourers
are often pathetic. Mostly, dozens of people are packed in small labour camps
and up to six or eight people in a small room.Though there are two lakh
inter-State migrant workers in Ernakulam district, only around 5000 were
registered with the Migrant Labour Welfare Board, the study has found.
Prof. John Kurakar
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